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Comparisons of men and women from East Asia and the United States reveal that


A) the most individualistic people are East Asian males.
B) gender is not related to any factors underlying individualism and collectivism.
C) women and men are similar in most factors underlying individualism and collectivism.
D) sex differences in the various factors underlying individualism and collectivism are larger than cultural differences.
E) men generally score higher on agency than women.

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According to research using the Sex Role Ideology inventory,which of the following situations does NOT agree with the research findings?


A) Poland,a primarily Christian country,has more egalitarian gender values than Azerbaijan,a primarily Muslim country.
B) Uruguay,a country south of the equator,has more egalitarian gender values than Estonia,a country north of the equator.
C) Mahalapye,a rural township,has less egalitarian gender values than Bobirwa,an urban city.
D) Kiribati,a collectivistic society,has less egalitarian gender values than Nauru,a society that is more individualistic than Kiribati.
E) All of these statements agree with the research findings.

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Which of the following was NOT found in Suh's research on Koreans and Americans?


A) Koreans describe themselves more differently across situations than Americans.
B) Koreans who are more consistent across situations have lower subjective well-being than Koreans who are less consistent.
C) Consistent Americans are viewed as more likable than inconsistent Americans.
D) Consistent Americans are viewed as having more social skills than inconsistent Americans.
E) More benefits can be gained when Americans are consistent than when Koreans are consistent.

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Lurrr comes from the planet Omicron Persei 8.The culture there fosters an incremental theory of self,with a focus on seeing oneself from a first-person perspective.Lurrr currently describes himself as extraverted,conscientious,and a lover of cats-attributes that Lurrr wants to change.Based on this,if Lurrr is asked to describe what he will be like in the future,which of the following is he most likely to say?


A) His memories will contain more third-person imagery.
B) He will ensure that he is consistent across social situations.
C) He will continue to be extraverted and conscientious.
D) He will be neither extraverted nor conscientious.
E) He will no longer have objective self-awareness.

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Based on Ma and Schoeneman's study with Americans and Kenyans,which of the following would be expected?


A) Kenyan undergrad: "I am a resourceful person." Kenyan tribesman (e.g. ,the Samburu) : "I am a member of an association."
B) All Kenyan populations: "I am a resourceful person."
C) American undergrad: "I am a thoughtful person." Kenyan undergrad: "I am a member of an association."
D) All Samburu: "I am a charitable person."
E) All Kenyan populations: "I am a member of group X."

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You meet a new Chinese friend,Huang.You find that Huang is responsible,optimistic,and trustworthy.After having just learned about Chinese personality constructs in class,you decide to figure out on which construct he scores highly.Which of the following constructs best encompasses the three traits that you know about Huang?


A) interpersonal relatedness
B) dependability
C) extraversion
D) agreeableness
E) conscientiousness

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Your friend recently entered a few chess competitions,but lost them all really badly.If he has an entity theory of self,what is he most likely to do?


A) put in a lot of work to overcome his weaknesses
B) chalk up the losses as being due to bad luck
C) think he has bad chess "genes"
D) review video of his matches to find his mistakes
E) question the fairness of the matches

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Foot-in-the-door is a persuasion technique whereby the requester makes a relatively small request of a target.Once the target says yes,the requester will make more,and incrementally more costly,requests.This works because people are motivated to be self-consistent.Your friend is a big fan of this technique,and thinks that this sales tactic is equally effective everywhere,no matter where he goes.Based on research by Cialdini and colleagues,is this true or false?


A) True-there are no cultural differences in need for self-consistency,only peer-consistency
B) True-susceptibility to the foot-in-the-door technique is an accessibility universal
C) False-the foot-in-the-door technique would work better in the United States than in Poland
D) False-the foot-in-the-door technique would work better in interdependent cultures than independent cultures
E) False-susceptibility to the foot-in-the-door technique is a cultural invention

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Xing scores high on the Chinese personality trait of "dependability." Based on Cheung,Cheung,Leung,Ward,and Leong's findings about Chinese personality constructs,with what would Xing's "dependability" score be correlated?


A) social responsibility
B) agreeableness
C) relatedness
D) neuroticism
E) social potency

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As a graduate student in the Department of Music,your thesis seeks to answer the question of whether a singer's anxiety level during performance is associated with different forms of self-awareness.Design a study that would allow you to examine this question.In your response,make sure to use the appropriate terms for the different forms of self-awareness.

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You want to persuade your friend to help you.You recently learned about cognitive dissonance in your psychology class,and you want to try out the effectiveness of using that to persuade others.How might you implement cognitive dissonance in persuading someone to help you?


A) remind him or her of how consistently he or she acts across different social situations
B) remind him or her of how unimportant the issue is that requires his or her help
C) remind him or her of what you may think of him or her
D) remind the target that he or she had helped you before
E) put a mirror in front of the person from whom you are seeking help

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Given Bosterup's thesis about agricultural methods centuries ago affecting gender attitudes now,what is this type of relationship between agricultural methods and gender attitudes an example of?


A) power distance
B) distal cause
C) vertical collectivism
D) evoked culture
E) entity theory of self

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One difference between Americans and Hindu Indians is that in the United States


A) the male identity is essentialized,whereas among Hindu Indians the female identity is essentialized.
B) the female identity is essentialized,whereas among Hindu Indians the male identity is essentialized.
C) both male and female identities are essentialized,whereas among Hindu Indians only the female identity is essentialized.
D) neither male nor female identities are essentialized,whereas among Hindu Indians the male identity is essentialized.
E) both male and female identities are essentialized,whereas among Hindu Indians the male identity is essentialized,but only among children.

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The most collectivistic states of the United States are


A) states from the Mountain West and the Midwest.
B) Alaska and the states of the Confederate South.
C) states on the West Coast and the East Coast.
D) Hawaii and Utah.
E) Arizona and New Mexico.

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You have saved up a lot of money over the last few years and have decided to travel the world.In interacting with people from different cultures all over the world,which of the following are you most likely to find?


A) The Big Five explains personality adequately everywhere,but does especially well explaining personality in the West.
B) The Big Five only emerges reliably in cultures characterized by independent views of self.
C) You find that the only trait that emerges reliably across all cultures is neuroticism.
D) The only trait of the Big Five that does not emerge reliably across cultures is neuroticism.
E) Western cultures have a number of personality factors in addition to the Big Five that are not found in cultures characterized by interdependent views of self.

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