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Hans Eysenck's summary of 24 early psychotherapy outcome studies suggested that patient improvement was not necessarily the result of


A) a token economy.
B) the placebo effect.
C) psychotherapy.
D) human resilience.

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Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor?


A) Xanax
B) Prozac
C) lithium
D) Thorazine

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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are prescribed to


A) reduce involuntary muscle movements.
B) reduce hallucinations and paranoia.
C) elevate arousal and mood.
D) decrease the availability of norepinephrine.

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Antidepressant drugs are believed to work by affecting serotonin or


A) dopamine.
B) lithium.
C) norepinephrine.
D) acetylcholine.

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Decreasing negative thoughts by engaging in a pleasant activity is a cognitive therapy technique designed to


A) examine consequences.
B) reveal one's beliefs.
C) reattribute responsibility.
D) reduce anxiety.

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Light exposure therapy was developed to relieve symptoms of


A) anxiety.
B) eating disorders.
C) depression.
D) alcohol use disorder.

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An important component of psychoanalysis is


A) active listening.
B) dream analysis.
C) light exposure therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

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Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from D-cycloserine?


A) Mary, who is being treated with systematic desensitization to overcome a fear of flying
B) Mark, who is receiving light exposure therapy to recover from seasonal affective disorder
C) June, who is being treated with aversive conditioning to overcome alcohol use disorder
D) Aaron, who is receiving cognitive therapy to overcome feelings of low self-worth

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Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated estimates of the value of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?


A) meta-analysis
B) a token economy
C) the double-blind procedure
D) the placebo effect

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Positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging life crises demonstrate


A) systematic desensitization.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) posttraumatic growth.
D) the therapeutic alliance.

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Critics of ________ have expressed a concern that appropriate patient behaviors will disappear following the discontinuation of a token economy.


A) cognitive therapy
B) light exposure therapy
C) behavior modification
D) rTMS

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Which of the following therapists introduced the use of free association?


A) Carl Rogers
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Aaron Beck
D) Mary Cover Jones

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MRI-guided precision surgery is occasionally done to cut the brain circuits involved in severe cases of


A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) depression.

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The operant conditioning technique in which desired behaviors are rewarded with points or poker chips that can later be exchanged for various rewards is called


A) counterconditioning.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) a token economy.
D) exposure therapy.

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Jordan experiences delusions of persecution, and irrelevant sights or sounds consistently distract him from things that require his attention. Which of the following drugs is most likely to relieve these distressing symptoms?


A) Ativan
B) Thorazine
C) Depakote
D) Zoloft

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Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for his cell phone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of


A) unconditional positive regard.
B) free association.
C) cognitive therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

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Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of


A) interpreting the meaning of clients' nonverbal behaviors.
B) enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted.
C) helping clients identify various anxiety-arousing experiences.
D) discouraging clients from using antianxiety drugs.

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After discontinuing heavy use of an antianxiety drug, Angela experienced increased anxiety and difficulty sleeping. Angela was experiencing symptoms of


A) withdrawal.
B) transference.
C) tardive dyskinesia.
D) neurogenesis.

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Persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves and their futures is most characteristic of


A) Rogers' client-centered therapy.
B) Beck's cognitive therapy.
C) Wolpe's exposure therapy.
D) Freud's psychoanalysis.

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When Molly told her therapist about her frightening car accident, the therapist instructed her to close her eyes and verbalize any further thoughts stimulated by this experience, even if they were scary or embarrassing. The therapist was making use of a technique known as


A) active listening.
B) transference.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) free association.

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