Question 1

Two-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his parents because he derives immense pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control. Freud would have suggested that Damien is going through the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)   phallic
B)   anal
C)   latency
D)   oral

Question 2

Trait theory attempts to

Accepted Answer

A)   show how development of personality is a lifelong process.
B)   describe and classify people in terms of their predispositions to behave in certain ways.
C)   determine which traits are most conducive to individual self-actualization.
D)   explain how behavior is shaped by the interaction between traits, behavior, and the environment.

Question 3

The implicit memories that operate even among those with amnesia best illustrate the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   the spotlight effect
B)   defense mechanisms.
C)   unconscious thought.
D)   self-transcendence.

Question 4

Personality is fruitfully studied at multiple levels of analysis because people are best understood as

Accepted Answer

A)   unconscious information processors.
B)   biopsychosocial organisms.
C)   demonstrating self-serving bias.
D)   possessing enduring traits.

Question 5

Compared with those living in individualist cultures, people in collectivist cultures are likely to experience

Accepted Answer

A)   more privacy and less loneliness.
B)   less privacy and less loneliness.
C)   more privacy and more loneliness.
D)   less privacy and more loneliness.

Question 6

Which personality theorists have been criticized the most for encouraging individual selfishness and self-indulgence?

Accepted Answer

A)   trait theorists
B)   social-cognitive theorists
C)   psychodynamic theorists
D)   humanistic theorists

Question 7

In assessing a client's personal growth, Carl Rogers measured the correspondence between

Accepted Answer

A)   the pleasure principle and the reality principle.
B)   ideal self and actual self.
C)   the client's values and the therapist's values.
D)   self-esteem and narcissism.

Question 8

Right-hemisphere activity enables a split-brain patient's left hand to carry out instructions the patient cannot verbalize. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving bias.
B)   unconscious thought.
C)   self-transcendence.
D)   the false consensus effect.

Question 9

Factor analysis has been used to identify the most basic

Accepted Answer

A)   self-serving biases.
B)   defense mechanisms.
C)   personality traits.
D)   psychosexual stages.

Question 10

Features of ________ have been observed to be common among people from a wide variety of nations.

Accepted Answer

A)   repression
B)   the Oedipus complex
C)   the Big Five traits
D)   free association

Question 11

A psychotherapist instructs Dane to relax, close his eyes, and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as

Accepted Answer

A)   fixation.
B)   free association.
C)   factor analysis.
D)   hypnosis.

Question 12

The Oedipus and Electra complexes have their roots in the

Accepted Answer

A)   anal stage.
B)   oral stage.
C)   latency stage.
D)   phallic stage.

Question 13

In assessing candidates for spy missions during World War II, U.S. Army psychologists subjected them to simulated undercover conditions. This best illustrates the use of an assessment strategy favored by ________ theories.

Accepted Answer

A)   trait
B)   psychodynamic
C)   social-cognitive
D)   humanistic

Question 14

An interest in describing and classifying the many ways in which individuals may differ from one another is most characteristic of ________ theories.

Accepted Answer

A)   social-cognitive
B)   trait
C)   humanistic
D)   psychodynamic

Question 15

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait?

Accepted Answer

A)   projective testing
B)   factor analysis
C)   empirically derived testing
D)   free association

Question 16

Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as

Accepted Answer

A)   projection.
B)   fixation.
C)   displacement.
D)   repression.

Question 17

Which two dimensions of personality have the Eysencks emphasized?

Accepted Answer

A)   extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-instability
B)   conscientiousness and agreeableness
C)   neuroticism and openness
D)   aggressiveness and hostility

Question 18

Alexis brags excessively about her good looks and frequently manipulates others in order to gain attention and boost her popularity. Her behavior most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the false consensus effect.
B)   unconditional positive regard.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   narcissism.

Question 19

People who break speed limits tend to think that many others do the same. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the spotlight effect.
B)   self-transcendence.
C)   the false consensus effect.
D)   unconditional positive regard.

Question 20

Sigmund Freud explained personality in terms of unconscious motivations, whereas ________ described personality in terms of enduring traits.

Accepted Answer

A)   Gordon Allport
B)   Carl Rogers
C)   Albert Bandura
D)   Hermann Rorschach

Exam 12: Social Psychology

Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In assessing candidates for spy missions during World War II, U.S. Army psychologists subjected them to simulated undercover conditions. This best illustrates the use of an assessment strategy favored by ________ theories.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trait theory attempts to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which two dimensions of personality have the Eysencks emphasized?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Personality is fruitfully studied at multiple levels of analysis because people are best understood as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychotherapist instructs Dane to relax, close his eyes, and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alexis brags excessively about her good looks and frequently manipulates others in order to gain attention and boost her popularity. Her behavior most clearly illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An interest in describing and classifying the many ways in which individuals may differ from one another is most characteristic of ________ theories.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Oedipus and Electra complexes have their roots in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The implicit memories that operate even among those with amnesia best illustrate the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Right-hemisphere activity enables a split-brain patient's left hand to carry out instructions the patient cannot verbalize. This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his parents because he derives immense pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control. Freud would have suggested that Damien is going through the ________ stage of development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Features of ________ have been observed to be common among people from a wide variety of nations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which personality theorists have been criticized the most for encouraging individual selfishness and self-indulgence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sigmund Freud explained personality in terms of unconscious motivations, whereas ________ described personality in terms of enduring traits.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with those living in individualist cultures, people in collectivist cultures are likely to experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who break speed limits tend to think that many others do the same. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In assessing a client's personal growth, Carl Rogers measured the correspondence between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Factor analysis has been used to identify the most basic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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