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A social trap is a situation in which


A) one's pursuit of the collective good is prioritized above self-interest.
B) there are insufficient resources to satisfy the needs of all group members.
C) a fair resolution between conflicting groups results.
D) the pursuit of self-interest leads to collective harm.

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Dan is wealthy,and his peers are aware of this.They are more likely to view Dan as


A) physically attractive.
B) aggressive.
C) undeserving.
D) intelligent.

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An explanation of aggression in terms of instinct would have the most difficulty accounting for


A) unexpected and unprovoked outbursts of aggression.
B) wide cultural variations in aggressiveness.
C) aggression that is accompanied by anger and hostility.
D) the use of nuclear weapons to kill millions of unseen victims.

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To analyze how people explain others' behavior,Fritz Heider developed


A) cognitive dissonance theory.
B) role-playing theory.
C) attribution theory.
D) attitude theory.

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We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people.This illustrates


A) informational social influence.
B) mood linkage.
C) deindividuation.
D) social facilitation.

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Which of the following demonstrates how conformity can be a bad thing?


A) James going along with his peers to bully Thomas
B) Jennifer donating to charity after watching a group of her peers do so
C) Stan helping an elderly man off a public transportation bus after watching someone help him get on the bus
D) Rebecca volunteering her time at a local animal shelter after hearing her friends talk about doing so

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Which of the following helps to counteract deindividuation?


A) heightening self-awareness
B) heightening feelings of anonymity
C) heightening antisocial behavior
D) heightening arousal

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The tendency in Western cultures to attribute the behavior of others to internal,personal characteristics while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external,situational factors is called


A) cognitive dissonance.
B) an attitude.
C) foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
D) the fundamental attribution error.

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Cynthia thinks that her new neighbor is mean and snobbish.This ________ will likely influence Cynthia to act negatively toward her neighbor.


A) attitude
B) foot-in-the-door phenomenon
C) social norm
D) role playing

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Mrs.Crane frequently thinks she has to shout at her husband to get his attention,but he thinks she yells because she's angry.Mr.Crane typically feels he has to shout back at his wife to defend himself,but she thinks his screaming proves that he's hostile.This couple's experience best illustrates


A) a social trap.
B) GRIT.
C) superordinate goals.
D) mirror-image perceptions.

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Magazine computer ads seldom feature endorsements from Hollywood stars or great athletes.Instead,they offer detailed information for consumers to develop more positive opinions about the company's products.This advertising strategy best illustrates


A) peripheral route persuasion.
B) central route persuasion.
C) attributions.
D) cognitive dissonance.

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The concept of a superordinate goal is best illustrated by


A) the plan of a university freshman to enter medical school and eventually become a physician.
B) the intent of management and labor to produce a fuel-efficient automobile that will outsell any car on the market.
C) the desire of a social worker to do volunteer work in the inner city in order to improve race relations.
D) a university president's plan to give students two extra days of spring vacation.

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Attributing a behavior to the current situation is known as


A) central route persuasion.
B) a situational attribution.
C) a dispositional attribution.
D) peripheral route persuasion.

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In an experiment,a group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet (70 meters) above the Capilano River.This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to


A) altruism.
B) the mere exposure effect.
C) passionate love.
D) companionate love.

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Opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments illustrates


A) central route persuasion.
B) peripheral route persuasion.
C) the fundamental attributional error.
D) cognitive dissonance.

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Which of the following is a FALSE statement about "culture of honor" states in relation to aggressive behavior?


A) These states were settled by Puritan,Quaker,and Dutch farmer-artisans who tend to be more aggressive.
B) These states were settled by Scots-Irish herders whose tradition emphasized "manly honor," the use of arms to protect one's flock,and a history of coercive slavery.
C) These states also have higher rates of students bringing weapons to school and of school shootings.
D) These states generally have a higher rate of aggression and gun ownership.

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Which of the following suspects is MOST likely to be shot and killed by police?


A) Margo,a White woman who is pulled over for speeding
B) Miguel,a Hispanic man who is pulled over for running a red light
C) Jwa,an Asian man who is pulled over for speeding
D) Carlington,a Black man who is pulled over for running a red light

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Compared with people from East Asian cultures,those from Western countries are more likely to demonstrate


A) situational attributions.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) positive attitudes.
D) the fundamental attribution error.

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First agreeing to a small request tends to make it more likely that you will later agree to a larger request.This is known as


A) cognitive dissonance.
B) the fundamental attribution error.
C) central route persuasion.
D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

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Marta is known for her sense of humor and joke telling.Even though her friends are down about their football team losing a game,as soon as Marta enters the room everyone begins to smile.This best illustrates


A) groupthink.
B) informational social influence.
C) mood contagion.
D) deindividuation.

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