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The desire to engage in an activity for the sake of its enjoyment alone involves


A) extrinsic motivation.
B) grit.
C) intrinsic motivation.
D) self-disclosure.

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Which aspect of communication can provide nonverbal information about one's culture?


A) the use of emojis
B) tone of voice
C) facial expressions
D) hand gestures

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Children who move through a series of foster homes without a sense of belonging to anyone are most likely to have difficulty developing


A) motivation to achieve.
B) narcissism.
C) deep attachments.
D) a hierarchy of needs.

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A starving rat will lose all interest in food if a specific neural center within the ________ is destroyed.


A) thalamus
B) adrenal gland
C) arcuate nucleus
D) pancreas

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Both the James-Lange and the two-factor theories of emotion maintain that


A) the experience of emotion grows from an awareness of our body's arousal.
B) distinct physiological differences exist among the emotions.
C) some emotions can be experienced apart from cognition.
D) all of these statements are true.

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Self-esteem is especially likely to be enhanced by satisfaction of our need to experience


A) ostracism.
B) social acceptance.
C) physical safety.
D) narcissism.

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Those who have high arousal and enjoy intense music,novel foods,and risky behaviors or careers have been called


A) sensation-seekers.
B) social animals.
C) self-determined.
D) motivators.

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The stress normally experienced by refugees is lessened by chain migration.This best illustrates the importance of ________ needs.


A) self-disclosure
B) physiological
C) affiliation
D) narcissistic

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Sonya has had classes all morning.Because she hasn't eaten since breakfast,she is now extremely hungry.Sonya's hunger is being triggered by the hormone ________,which is secreted by the ________.


A) orexin;hypothalamus
B) leptin;hypothalamus
C) PYY;stomach
D) orexin;stomach

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Instinct theory most clearly assumed that behavior is influenced by


A) homeostasis.
B) self-esteem needs.
C) incentives.
D) genetic predispositions.

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Brandon participates in several "extreme" sports,such as bodyboarding,hang gliding,and rock climbing.While his friends say he is a sensation-seeker,________ theory might explain Brandon's participation in "extreme" sports as a way to conquer his own emotions and actions.


A) drive-reduction theory
B) instinct theory
C) evolutionary theory
D) arousal theory

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American and South Korean collegians indicated that the satisfaction of ________ were the top two contributors to their peak moment in the past week.


A) hunger and thirst
B) academic and work responsibilities
C) self-esteem and relatedness-belonging needs
D) sexual and recreational desires

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People sense meaning when they experience their life as having all of the following EXCEPT


A) purpose.
B) significance.
C) discord.
D) coherence.

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According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion


A) you experience fear because your heart begins pounding.
B) your heart begins pounding because you experience fear.
C) you experience fear at the same time your heart begins pounding.
D) none of these statements are true.

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Turning in at her street,Dominique saw six fire trucks in front of her apartment building.Her heart beat wildly until someone yelled,"Just a false alarm." Her pulse then began to return to normal,due to the action of her ________ nervous system.


A) central
B) somatic
C) sympathetic
D) parasympathetic

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People eat ________ when given a large rather than a small serving of food.They eat ________ when given a large rather than a small bowl out of which to eat their food.


A) less;less
B) less;more
C) more;less
D) more;more

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Our most rapid and automatic emotional responses may result from the routing of sensory input through the thalamus directly to the


A) hippocampus.
B) hypothalamus.
C) prefrontal cortex.
D) amygdala.

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The desire for significant accomplishment,for mastery of skills or ideas,for control,and for attaining a high standard is called


A) need to belong.
B) affiliation
C) achievement motivation.
D) social isolation.

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In one experiment,college men were injected with epinephrine before spending time with either a euphoric or an irritated person.The results of this experiment support the idea that


A) some emotions can be experienced apart from cognition.
B) there are subtle but distinct physiological differences among the emotions.
C) our experience of emotion depends on how we interpret the body's arousal.
D) happiness is largely a function of right frontal lobe activation.

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Shawntae scored a C- on her chemistry exam and so is feeling depressed.Her friend,Tijuana,suggests that she stop moping and join her for a walk around campus.Tijuana walks with a very straight back,moves her arms briskly,and has a smile on her face.Soon Shawntae mimics Tijuana and her mood becomes elevated.Shawntae's change in mood can be explained by


A) the behavior feedback effect.
B) the positive feedback effect.
C) the facial feedback effect.
D) egocentrism.

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