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Oxygen debt may be associated with


A) low oxygen demand by the cells.
B) lactic acid buildup.
C) too much oxygen in the body.
D) too little carbon dioxide in the body.
E) failure to convert potential energy into kinetic energy.

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The radius is to the ulna as the


A) tibia is to the femur.
B) fibula is to the ulna.
C) fibula is to the tibia.
D) humerus is to the femur.
E) humerus is the radius.

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Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?


A) ribs
B) sternum
C) scapula
D) vertebrae
E) skull

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If an athlete is training for the Olympic weight lifting team,what type of exercising should they be doing?


A) Their training routine should include weight lifting,sprinting,or any other type of activity that requires an explosion of energy in order to increase their fast-twitch fibers.
B) Their training routine should include weight lifting,sprinting,or any other type of activity that requires an explosion of energy in order to increase their slow-twitch fibers.
C) Their training routine should include swimming,biking,jogging,and any other type of activity that requires an explosion of energy in order to increase their fast-twitch fibers.
D) Their training routine should include swimming,biking,jogging,and any other type of activity that produces their energy aerobically in order to increase their slow-twitch fibers.

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In young persons who are still developing,what is the band of cartilage called that remains between the primary ossification center and each secondary ossification center?


A) chondrocytic mediastinum
B) osteoclastic border
C) osteon promoter
D) fontanel
E) growth plate

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Which of these bones is found in the pelvic girdle?


A) humerus
B) ulna
C) femur
D) coxal
E) tibia

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Which of these gives the correct order from large to small?


A) muscle \rightarrow muscle cell \rightarrow myofibril \rightarrow sarcomeres \rightarrow filaments
B) muscle \rightarrow muscle fibers \rightarrow sarcomeres \rightarrow filaments \rightarrow myofibrils
C) muscle \rightarrow sarcomeres \rightarrow myofibrils \rightarrow actin filaments \rightarrow myosin filaments
D) muscle cells \rightarrow myofibrils \rightarrow filaments \rightarrow sarcomeres
E) muscle \rightarrow myofibrils \rightarrow sarcomeres \rightarrow muscle cells \rightarrow filaments

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The joints found between the vertebrae are classified as being


A) immovable.
B) slightly movable.
C) freely movable.
D) synovial joints.
E) discoidal.

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Classification of joints is based on


A) their location in the body.
B) the presence or absence of tendons.
C) their ability to move.
D) the length of bones concerned.
E) the type of muscles attached.

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In modern surgery,it is possible to lengthen a short leg bone because new bone tissue can rapidly grow to fill a cavity.However,it would be important to


A) administer a chemical to kill all osteoblasts.
B) leave the periosteum intact to provide nutrients and define the boundary for bone growth.
C) ensure the growth plates are all ossified.
D) remove calcium from the diet.
E) remove the red bone marrow from the bone.

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The radius bone in Figure 19.1 is the bone labeled


A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

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Judo is a sport that requires an explosion of energy rather than endurance.The better type of muscle would be


A) slow-twitch fibers with many mitochondria and high blood supply.
B) slow-twitch fibers with fewer mitochondria and lower blood supply.
C) fast-twitch fibers with many mitochondria and high blood supply.
D) fast-twitch fibers with fewer mitochondria and lower blood supply.
E) fast-twitch fibers with a reserve of glycogen and fat.

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Depending on the degree of stimulation,more and more individual muscle fibers contract,resulting in a stronger muscle contraction.

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In contraction


A) the thin filaments become shorter.
B) the thin filaments become longer.
C) the thick filaments become shorter.
D) the thick filaments become longer.
E) neither of the filaments change length.

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The crescent-shaped pieces of cartilage between the bones in the knee are called


A) ligaments.
B) tendons.
C) patellas.
D) bursae.
E) menisci.

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The deltoid muscle is shaped like a triangle.

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What cell type takes calcium from the blood? What cell type deposits calcium into the blood?


A) osteoclasts; osteoblasts
B) osteocytes; osteoclasts
C) osteocytes; osteoblasts
D) osteoblasts; osteocytes
E) osteoblasts; osteoclasts

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Which is NOT a correct association of facial bones?


A) zygomatic bones-bridge of the nose
B) mandible-lower jaw
C) maxillae-upper jaw and hard palate
D) temporal-temples
E) frontal-forehead

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In a complete bone fracture,the break does not pass all the way through the bone.

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Which of the following will increase during strenuous muscular activity?


A) oxygen
B) carbon monoxide
C) lactic acid
D) liver glycogen
E) myosin

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