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Exam 24: What Is Deviance

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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A person convicted of a crime-even when prior arrest record and severity of the crime are taken into account-is more likely to receive a shorter prison sentence if he or she is

A) White and non-Hispanic.
B) Black.
C) Hispanic.
D) Asian or Native American.

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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Deviance is behavior that

A) always violates the laws of a society.
B) is always illegal.
C) violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society.
D) is always anomic.

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Question 3

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Discuss why the definitions of deviance and social stigma are dependent on cultural variations and socially accepted norms.Give examples of how people are stigmatized for behaviors they may no longer engage in.

The high degree of anonymity allowing for uncivil behavior when using the Internet has resulted in calls for the establishment of formal rules for online behavior.

Which sociologist used the term differential association to describe the process by which exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to violation of rules?

Monica,a new student at Valley High School,becomes friends with a group of teenagers who use marijuana and remain seated during the singing of the national anthem.Although Monica had never used marijuana and used to sing the anthem,she begins to engage in the same behavior as her new friends.This is an example of

In Émile Durkheim's view,

The most common adaptation in Robert Merton's anomie theory of deviance is

Which of the following would be an example of anomie?

Which theory was used by Edwin Sutherland to emphasize that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions with others?

Which theory attributes increases in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions?

Recent sociological research supports the position that some forms of crime and deviance have genetic roots.

Which of the following connections to criminality is commonly rejected by sociologists?

An unemployed young adult wants a stereo,but he doesn't have the money or the means of earning the money needed to buy it.His desire for the stereo overwhelms him,and he steals one from a local store.This incident illustrates which theory of deviance?

Within the last ten years,the proportion of major crimes committed by women has increased,but violent crimes committed by women have declined.

Bob works as a cashier in a supermarket.His boss instructs him to include the price of a new broom-which Bob's boss has deceptively placed near the register-on everyone's bill.Bob's boss also encourages him to change the dates on expired food items so the items can continue to be sold.Eventually,Bob begins to develop his own deceptive sales practices.This is an example of

Owning a gun is considered a deviant act in the United States.

An important tenet of labeling theory is the recognition that some individuals or groups have the power to define labels and apply them to others.This view shares the emphasis on the social significance of power as purported by the

The societal-reaction approach is also known as

Arnold gets an "A" on his organic chemistry exam because he copies most of his answers from Stanley,the "class brain" who is sitting next to him.According to Merton's anomie theory of deviance,Arnold would be classified as a(n)