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Exam 9: Justice and the Good Society

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Question 1

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According to the Marxist conception of justice,it is most important

A) to serve people's needs.
B) to make sure people get only what they deserve.
C) to let the free market decide who gets what.
D) to give everyone the same amount of goods.

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Question 2

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Aristotle argues that in sexual reproduction

A) women are active and men are passive.
B) men are active and women are passive.
C) men and women are both equally active and passive.
D) women and not men provide the ingredients that actually make the child.

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Question 3

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According to the idea of a social contract,governments get their legitimacy and authority through

The notion that humans formed societies and laws to protect themselves from being harmed by one another was argued for by

Rousseau agreed with Hobbes and Locke in seeing the formation of society and laws as a positive development for human beings.

If our society was ruled by people who had proven their competence and ability to govern,it would be a

Karl Marx argued for the following principle of distributive justice: "From each according to his abilities; to each according to his needs." Write an essay discussing what this means,and whether it fits,in any respects,this country's social arrangements.What are the pros and cons of this principle? What would our society look like if it implemented Marx's principle? What would we lose of value? Finally,how does Marx's vision of distributive justice differ from that of Adam Smith and of John Rawls? Are there any other alternatives?

Societies ruled by the wealthy are

From Karl Marx's point of view,a situation in which workers work merely for someone else,and not themselves exemplifies

If Tim has a right to a job,then

Thinking of your own country and constitution,write an essay focusing on the following question: As a social contract theorist,under what conditions could citizens justifiably break the social contract? That is,when would your government no longer be legitimate,and acts of political rebellion (such as civil disobedience)and even revolution be permissible? Your essay should discuss the social contract theories of Hobbes,Locke and Rousseau. It can focus on issues of justice,equality and individual rights.

Lao-Tzu,the author of the Tao Te Ching,would probably have agreed with Thomas Jefferson when he said "That government is best which governs least."

When a politician is accused of endorsing a "Hobbesian view of the world," this means that politician believes that a strong central authority is needed to ensure security and peace.

What does it mean to call a point of view "gendered"?

Since it owes a lot to John Locke,one would expect that the United States' Constitution would

Why isn't legitimate political power accurately expressed in the formula "might makes right"?

In most societies,legitimate power is equated with rule by tyranny.

A society governed by the Marxist view of distributive justice might have a difficult time ensuring that its members are motivated to work and innovate.

What is patriarchy?

What is the state of nature?