Question 1

Why is it more efficient to store energy as lipid, rather than as glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Lipids, primarily in the form of fats, a...

Question 2

An experimenter studying the oxidation of fatty acids in extracts of liver found that when palmitate (16:0) was provided as substrate, it was completely oxidized to CO2. However, when undecanoic acid (11:0) was added as substrate, incomplete oxidation occurred unless he bubbled CO2 through the reaction mixture. The addition of the protein avidin, which binds tightly to biotin, prevented the complete oxidation of undecanoic acid even in the presence of CO2, although it had no effect on palmitate oxidation. Explain these observations in light of what you know of fatty acid oxidation reactions.

Accepted Answer

The observations can be explained by the...

Question 3

How much carbon dioxide is produced from the complete aerobic catabolism of one molecule of linoleate via catabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)   18 CO2
B)   17 CO2
C)   16 CO2
D)   15 CO2
E)   8 CO2

Question 4

Which statement(s)  about lipases is/are TRUE?
1.  Intestinal lipases break down lipids in micelles found in the small intestine. 
2.  Hormone-sensitive lipase is located primarily in hepatocytes. 
3.  Lipoprotein lipase is activated in capillaries by apoC-II. 
4.  Lipoprotein lipase delivers free fatty acids to peripheral tissues.

Accepted Answer

A)  	1 and 2
B)  	2 only
C)  	1 and 4
D)  	1, 3, and 4
E)  	4 only D

Question 5

If you received a laboratory report showing the presence of a high concentration of ketone bodies in the urine of a patient, what disease would you suspect? Why do ketone bodies accumulate in such patients?

Accepted Answer

If a laboratory report indicates a high ...

Question 6

In which cellular compartment are ketone bodies synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A)   the cytosol
B)   the mitochondrial matrix
C)   the mitochondrial intermembrane space
D)   the endoplasmic reticulum
E)   peroxisomes

Question 7

Free fatty acids in the bloodstream are:

Accepted Answer

A)   bound to hemoglobin.
B)   carried by the protein serum albumin.
C)   freely soluble in the aqueous phase of the blood.
D)   nonexistent; the blood does not contain free fatty acids.
E)   present at levels that are independent of epinephrine. B

Question 8

The carbon atoms from a fatty acid with an odd number of carbons will enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA and:

Accepted Answer

A)   butyrate.
B)   citrate.
C)   malate.
D)   succinyl-CoA.
E)    α\alphaα -ketoglutarate.

Question 9

Explain why lipases are required in BOTH the intestine and in the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

Lipases are required in both the intesti...

Question 10

Which statement is NOT true about vitamin B12?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vitamin B12 contains a porphyrin ring.
B)   Vitamin B12 contains a carbon-cobalt bond.
C)   Vitamin B12 readily undergoes homolytic bond cleavage.
D)   Deficiency of vitamin B12 causes pernicious anemia.
E)   Vitamin B12 catalyzes hydrogen atom exchange with solvent H2O.

Question 11

Which statement is FALSE regarding ketone bodies?

Accepted Answer

A)   During prolonged starvation, the brain adapts to using ketone bodies as a fuel.
B)   Excess acetone production during ketoacidosis is exhaled through the lungs.
C)   Ketone bodies can be used as a carbon source for fatty acid synthesis.
D)   Ketone bodies can be converted to glucose during ketosis.
E)   Ketone bodies are formed when the glucagon/insulin ratio is high.

Question 12

If the fatty acid 16:0 is catabolized completely, to carbon dioxide and water, the net yield of ATP per molecule of fatty acid is _____ ATP.

Accepted Answer

A)   90.5
B)   97.5
C)   88.5
D)   106
E)   108

Question 13

In the first step of fatty acid oxidation, the fatty acid (R-COOH) is converted to its coenzyme A derivative in the following reaction:
R-COOH + ATP + CoA-SH $\rightarrow$  R-CO-S-CoA + AMP + PPi
The standard free-energy change ($\Delta$G'°) for this reaction is -15 kJ/mol
What will tend to make the reaction even more favorable when it takes place within a cell?

Accepted Answer

The reaction in question is the activati...

Question 14

In solution at pH 6.5, palmitate has an overall negative charge. This means that the pKa of palmitate is:

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   > 6.5.
C)   6.5.
D)   All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

What are the two major sites in animals for fatty acid catabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)   the liver and the kidneys
B)   the liver and the brain
C)   skeletal muscle and the liver
D)   adipose tissue and the liver
E)   adipose tissue and skeletal muscle

Question 16

In the following equation, which substance is being reduced? + E)  H+ " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >

Accepted Answer

A)    β\betaβ -ketoacyl-CoA
B)   l- β\betaβ -hydroxy-acyl-CoA
C)   NADH
D)   NAD+
E)   H+

Question 17

In the citric acid cycle, a double bond is introduced into a four-carbon compound containing the -CH2-CH2- group, producing fumarate. Show a similar reaction that occurs in the $\beta$-oxidation pathway.

Accepted Answer

In the citric acid cycle, the specific r...

Question 18

Which statement is FALSE regarding the catabolic oxidation of 1 mol of palmitate?

Accepted Answer

A)   8 mol of acetyl-CoA are formed.
B)   AMP and 2 Pi are formed in the cytosol.
C)   The oxidation reactions occur in the mitochondria.
D)   8 mol of H2O are required.
E)   Carnitine is required for the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 19

What products from the oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids enter the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)   acetyl-CoA and citrate
B)   acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA
C)   acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA
D)   acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA
E)   succinyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA

Question 20

Which compound is NOT considered a "ketone body"?

Accepted Answer

A)   acetoacetate
B)   3-hydroxybutyrate
C)   acetone
D)   dihydroxyacetone
E)    β\betaβ -hydroxybutyrate  D

Exam 17: Fatty Acid Catabolism

Why is it more efficient to store energy as lipid, rather than as glycogen?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Lipids, primarily in the form of fats, a...
View Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The observations can be explained by the...
View Answer

How much carbon dioxide is produced from the complete aerobic catabolism of one molecule of linoleate via catabolic pathways?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D

If you received a laboratory report showing the presence of a high concentration of ketone bodies in the urine of a patient, what disease would you suspect? Why do ketone bodies accumulate in such patients?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
If a laboratory report indicates a high ...
View Answer

In which cellular compartment are ketone bodies synthesized?

Correct Answer
verified

Free fatty acids in the bloodstream are:

Correct Answer
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B

The carbon atoms from a fatty acid with an odd number of carbons will enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA and:

Correct Answer
verified

Explain why lipases are required in BOTH the intestine and in the bloodstream.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Lipases are required in both the intesti...
View Answer

Which statement is NOT true about vitamin B₁₂?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is FALSE regarding ketone bodies?

Correct Answer
verified

If the fatty acid 16:0 is catabolized completely, to carbon dioxide and water, the net yield of ATP per molecule of fatty acid is _____ ATP.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The reaction in question is the activati...
View Answer

In solution at pH 6.5, palmitate has an overall negative charge. This means that the pK_a of palmitate is:

Correct Answer
verified

What are the two major sites in animals for fatty acid catabolism?

Correct Answer
verified

In the following equation, which substance is being reduced? $In the following equation, which substance is being reduced? A) \beta -ketoacyl-CoA B) l- \beta -hydroxy-acyl-CoA C) NADH D) NAD<sup>+</sup> E) H<sup>+</sup>$

Correct Answer
verified

In the citric acid cycle, a double bond is introduced into a four-carbon compound containing the -CH₂-CH₂- group, producing fumarate. Show a similar reaction that occurs in the $\beta$ -oxidation pathway.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
In the citric acid cycle, the specific r...
View Answer

Which statement is FALSE regarding the catabolic oxidation of 1 mol of palmitate?

Correct Answer
verified

What products from the oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids enter the citric acid cycle?

Correct Answer
verified

Which compound is NOT considered a "ketone body"?

Correct Answer
verified
D

Exam 17: Fatty Acid Catabolism

Why is it more efficient to store energy as lipid, rather than as glycogen?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AILipids, primarily in the form of fats, a...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe observations can be explained by the...View AnswerShow Answer

How much carbon dioxide is produced from the complete aerobic catabolism of one molecule of linoleate via catabolic pathways?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedD

If you received a laboratory report showing the presence of a high concentration of ketone bodies in the urine of a patient, what disease would you suspect? Why do ketone bodies accumulate in such patients?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIIf a laboratory report indicates a high ...View AnswerShow Answer

In which cellular compartment are ketone bodies synthesized?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Free fatty acids in the bloodstream are:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The carbon atoms from a fatty acid with an odd number of carbons will enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA and:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why lipases are required in BOTH the intestine and in the bloodstream.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AILipases are required in both the intesti...View AnswerShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about vitamin B12?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is FALSE regarding ketone bodies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the fatty acid 16:0 is catabolized completely, to carbon dioxide and water, the net yield of ATP per molecule of fatty acid is _____ ATP.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe reaction in question is the activati...View AnswerShow Answer

In solution at pH 6.5, palmitate has an overall negative charge. This means that the pKa of palmitate is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the two major sites in animals for fatty acid catabolism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the following equation, which substance is being reduced?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the citric acid cycle, a double bond is introduced into a four-carbon compound containing the -CH2-CH2- group, producing fumarate. Show a similar reaction that occurs in the β\betaβ -oxidation pathway.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIIn the citric acid cycle, the specific r...View AnswerShow Answer

Which statement is FALSE regarding the catabolic oxidation of 1 mol of palmitate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What products from the oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids enter the citric acid cycle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which compound is NOT considered a "ketone body"?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Lipids, primarily in the form of fats, a...
View Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The observations can be explained by the...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
If a laboratory report indicates a high ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Lipases are required in both the intesti...
View Answer

Which statement is NOT true about vitamin B₁₂?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The reaction in question is the activati...
View Answer

In solution at pH 6.5, palmitate has an overall negative charge. This means that the pK_a of palmitate is:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In the following equation, which substance is being reduced? $In the following equation, which substance is being reduced? A) \beta -ketoacyl-CoA B) l- \beta -hydroxy-acyl-CoA C) NADH D) NAD<sup>+</sup> E) H<sup>+</sup>$

Correct Answer
verified

In the citric acid cycle, a double bond is introduced into a four-carbon compound containing the -CH₂-CH₂- group, producing fumarate. Show a similar reaction that occurs in the $\beta$ -oxidation pathway.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
In the citric acid cycle, the specific r...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D