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Contingency planning identifies alternative courses of action that can be implemented to meet the needs of changing circumstances.

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The use of participatory planning can increase creativity in planning,the commitment of people for planning,and the information available for planning.

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__________ is the management function that establishes the platform for further managerial efforts.


A) Leading.
B) Planning.
C) Organizing.
D) Controlling.
E) Directing.

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Operational plans form the foundation for strategic plans,whereas strategic plans specify the activities and resources that are needed to carry out the operational plans.

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__________ is the process of predicting what will happen in the future.


A) Contingency planning.
B) Visioning.
C) Identifying objectives.
D) Foretelling.
E) Forecasting.

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Which of the following is not one of the advantages of management by objectives MBO) ?


A) MBO clearly focuses a person's work efforts on the most important tasks and objectives.
B) MBO clearly focuses a person's work efforts on the activities that are likely to result in the greatest rewards.
C) MBO focuses a supervisor's work efforts on areas of support that can help subordinates meet agreed-upon objectives.
D) MBO contributes to relationship building.
E) MBO encourages self-management rather than external supervisory control.

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B

Target Corporation eventually plans to have more than 200 outlets in Canada within 10 years.What level of managers would make this decision?


A) middle-level manager
B) top-level manager
C) chief executive officer CEO)
D) chief operating officer COO)
E) operations manager

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B

The use of participatory planning can produce all of the following benefits except:


A) Increase creativity in planning.
B) Increase commitment of people for planning.
C) Increase acceptance of chosen alternatives.
D) Increase conflict over scarce resources.
E) Increase information available for planning.

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Which level of management spends more time with long-range planning?


A) Lower-level managers.
B) Middle-level managers.
C) Lower-level and middle-level managers.
D) Top-level managers.
E) All levels of management.

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__________ are often found in employee manuals as standard operating procedures.


A) Goals.
B) Rules.
C) Budgets.
D) A and B.
E) A and C.

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In a management by objectives approach,the supervisor/team leader and subordinates/team members __________.


A) Jointly plan,individually act,and individually control.
B) Individually plan,individually act,and jointly control.
C) Jointly plan,individually act,and jointly control.
D) Jointly plan,jointly act,and individually control.
E) Jointly plan,jointly act,and jointly control.

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C

Although planning focuses attention on defining and setting objectives,it doesn't concern itself with implementation of those objectives.

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Production plans,financial plans,facilities plans,marketing plans,and human resource plans are all examples of __________ plans.


A) Strategic.
B) Operational.
C) Contingency.
D) Standing-use.
E) Flexible.

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Planning is an ongoing process engaged in simultaneously with other daily work processes.

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Which of the following are implications of research conducted by Elliot Jacques?


A) People vary in their capabilities to think out,organize,and work through events of different time horizons.
B) Most people work comfortably with only three-month time spans;smaller groups of people work well with a one-year time frame;and only one person in several million can handle a 20-year time frame.
C) Managers working at different levels in the organization must plan over varying time horizons.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

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Contingency planning occurs when planners decide the future will be identical to the past.

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Contingency planning contains trigger points that indicate when preselected alternative plans should be activated.

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Benchmarking is used to gain perspective on current organizational performance through the use of external comparisons.

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Scenario planning helps Royal Dutch/Shell make major adjustments in strategies and operations and to be better prepared than competitors for future shocks.

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Using the opinions of persons with special expertise to make predictions about the future is called __________.


A) Quantitative forecasting.
B) Guesswork.
C) Qualitative forecasting.
D) Contingency planning.
E) Expert planning.

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