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An organization with focus knows the needs of its customers and knows how to serve them well; an individual with focus knows where he or she wants to go in a career or situation and can retain that objective even in difficult circumstances.

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Effective planning improves focus and flexibility, provides an action orientation, helps to improve coordination, and facilitates better control and time management.

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Only a few key people should be involved in developing plans to keep the plans simple and to facilitate implementation.

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Using the opinions of persons with special expertise to make predictions about the future is called qualitative forecasting.

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What is the primary difference between a policy and a procedure?


A) A policy focuses on the organization, but a procedure focuses only on a single department.
B) A policy sets a broad guideline, but a procedure defines precise actions to be taken.
C) A policy is a single-use plan, but a procedure is a standing plan.
D) A policy identifies short-term directions for the organization, but a procedure identifies long-term directions.
E) A policy guides fair employment, but a procedure guides ethical principles.

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A flexible budget allocates resources as if each budget were brand new.

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In management by objectives (MBO) , the objectives that are agreed on by the supervisor/team leader and the subordinates/team members can involve ___.


A) maintenance
B) improvement
C) personal development
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

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Operational plans form the foundation for strategic plans, whereas strategic plans specify the activities and resources that are needed to carry out the operational plans.

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___ is a planning technique that makes use of external comparisons to determine practices used by best-in-class companies to improve performance and identify possible actions for the future.


A) Contingency planning
B) Benchmarking
C) Scenario planning
D) Forecasting
E) Management by objectives

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Even though the time frames of planning may be shrinking, ___ is/are still responsible for setting longer-term plans and directions for the organization.


A) lower management
B) middle management
C) shareholders
D) top management
E) consumers

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A policy of zero-tolerance toward sexual harassment at workplace is an example of ___ plans used by organizations.


A) facilities
B) financial
C) single-use
D) standing
E) logistics

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For effective time management, one must become calendar-bound by letting others control one's schedule.

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___ plans set broad, comprehensive, and longer-term action directions for the entire organization.


A) Normal
B) Single-use
C) Strategic
D) Tactical
E) Operational

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After evaluating the current sales of PCs in relation to the desired sales, Rehan, the marketing manager at Alfalah Inc., generates alternative campaigns that may affect the PC's expected sales. He identifies, for each campaign, things that may help or hinder progress toward the company's objectives. Rehan is currently in which phase of the planning process?


A) defining the objectives
B) determining where one stands vis-à-vis objectives
C) developing premises regarding future conditions
D) analyzing alternatives and making a plan
E) implementing the plan and evaluating results

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Compare and contrast strategic and tactical plans.

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Strategic plans are longer-term plans th...

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All managers, regardless of their levels, will use the same time horizon to plan their work activities.

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In the planning process, ___ refer to the specific results or desired outcomes that one intends to achieve.


A) guidelines
B) objectives
C) procedures
D) policies
E) alternatives

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Typical operational plans in a business would include all the following except


A) dealing with methods and technology needed by people in their work.
B) dealing with money required to support various operations.
C) dealing with requirements of selling and distributing goods or services.
D) dealing with company growth through mergers and acquisitions.
E) dealing with recruitment, selection, and placement of people into jobs.

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A fixed budget


A) allocates a stated amount of resources for a specific purpose.
B) allocates resources as if each budget were brand new.
C) allows resources to vary in proportion with various levels of activity.
D) allocates resources like labour, equipment, and space.
E) always has equal expenditures and revenue.

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Strategic plans set broad, comprehensive, and longer-term action directions for the entire organization.

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