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What is the role of water in urine?


A) transport waste products out of the body.
B) provide a medium for chemical reactions.
C) detoxify.
D) maintain acid-base balance.

Correct Answer

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Which is LEAST likely to contribute to hypertension?


A) high levels of carbonated beverage consumption
B) lack of physical activity
C) heavy alcohol consumption
D) stress

Correct Answer

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What happens to the sodium and chloride ion when salt is dissolved in water?


A) they associate.
B) they dissociate.
C) both sodium and chloride form negatively-charged ions
D) they form a covalent bond.

Correct Answer

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"For most people with hypertension,the disease has no obvious cause." What is being described?


A) essential hypertension
B) secondary hypertension.
C) consequence of kidney disease
D) consequence of diets high in sodium.

Correct Answer

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"Fluid can be lost from the body in ways that are NOT obvious or noticeable." What is being described?


A) insensible losses.
B) interstitial fluid.
C) transitory losses.
D) undetectable losses.

Correct Answer

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Studies have indicated that the DASH diet has which of the following effects?


A) altered kidney function.
B) lowered potassium levels.
C) lowered magnesiumintake.
D) changes in blood pressure.

Correct Answer

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On which minerals does nerve conduction and muscle contraction depend?minerals:


A) chloride and potassium.
B) phosphorous and calcium.
C) sodium and fluoride.
D) sodium and potassium.

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body?


A) providing a medium for chemical reactions
B) regulating hunger and appetite
C) regulating body temperature
D) transporting nutrients

Correct Answer

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"The sensation of thirst often lags behind the need for water." What is being described?


A) a reason why short-term water-balance can be difficult to maintain.
B) a reason why an athlete can easily regulate water intake during competition.
C) a reason why fever is does not impact water balance
D) a reason why there is a powerful urge to drink

Correct Answer

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Osmosis does not require which of the following?


A) glucose.
B) a membrane.
C) solutes.
D) water.

Correct Answer

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How is water is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract?


A) active transport.
B) diffusion.
C) osmosis.
D) specific receptors.

Correct Answer

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C

Which does NOT occur when the concentration of sodium in the blood rises?


A) renin is released.
B) water moves into the blood.
C) blood pressure increases.
D) blood volume increases.

Correct Answer

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Which statement best describes the food groups recommended by the DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) plan?


A) a diet high in fruits and vegetables with no dairy foods
B) a diet high in fruits,vegetables,and high in low-fat dairy foods
C) a diet high in grains and high-protein foods,but low in dairy foods
D) a diet containing high-protein foods such as meat and also high in full-fat dairy foods.

Correct Answer

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Which does NOT function in maintenance of electrolyte concentrations in and outside of the cell?


A) sodium potassium ATPase.
B) an active transport system.
C) a concentration gradient.
D) the depolarization of cells.

Correct Answer

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The risk of hypertension is lowest for which of the following groups?


A) non-Hispanic whites
B) African Americans
C) obese individuals
D) diabetics

Correct Answer

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Extracellular fluid does NOT include which fluid?


A) blood.
B) lymph.
C) fluid within cells.
D) interstitial fluid.

Correct Answer

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C

Which mineral can cause in increased blood volume,fluid retention,and incidence of hypertension?


A) potassium
B) magnesium
C) sodium
D) calcium

Correct Answer

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What is the reaction that breaks large molecules into smaller ones by the addition of wate?


A) exchange
B) replacement
C) hydrolysis
D) condensation

Correct Answer

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C

Which does NOT occur when a nerve cell depolarizes?


A) an electrical current is generated.
B) a muscle contracts.
C) the cell membrane's permeability to sodium changes.
D) a nerve impulse is sent.

Correct Answer

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What is the water found inside cells of the body?


A) amniotic fluid.
B) extracellular fluid.
C) intracellular fluid.
D) interstitial fluid.

Correct Answer

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