Exam 39: Animal Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

A) Valves present in veins provide a mechanism for withstanding high blood pressure flow going through veins.
B) Blood pressure is higher in arteries than veins, and the elastic layer helps maintain the structure of the artery.
C) Arteries are thicker than veins, and the elastic layer is necessary to support the additional weight of arteries.
D) The total length of arteries in the body is more than the total length of veins, and the elastic layer helps push the blood over the longer length.

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A) lungs of fish.
B) lungs of mammals.
C) tracheoles of insects.
D) gills of fish.

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A) a long vessel with a wide diameter
B) a short vessel with a wide diameter
C) a long vessel with a small diameter
D) a short vessel with a small diameter
E) All of these vessels would demonstrate the same resistance to flow.

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A) CO₂ is a breakdown product of the carbohydrates or lipids oxidized in cellular respiration.
B) CO₂ is a breakdown product of the carbohydrates or lipids reduced in cellular respiration.
C) CO₂ is produced when inhaled oxygen combines with carbon atoms from carbohydrates or lipids.
D) CO₂ is produced when the oxygen atoms of water combine with carbon atoms.

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A) 76 mmHg
B) 114 mmHg
C) 160 mmHg
D) 571 mmHg
E) 646 mmHg

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A) There is a complete separation of pulmonary and systemic circulation in amphibians and most reptiles.
B) Amphibians and most reptiles have a three-chambered heart consisting of two atria and one ventricle.
C) Amphibians can respire through lungs, skin, or gills.
D) Diving reptiles can alter the pattern of blood circulation to bypass their lungs when submerged.
E) None of the answer options is false.

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A) movement of water past a respiratory surface
B) movement of hemolymph throughout the body
C) movement of oxygen from the lung into the bloodstream
D) movement of carbon dioxide from body cells into the bloodstream
E) All of these choices are correct.

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A) larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
B) trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
C) trachea, bronchi, larynx, bronchioles, alveoli
D) larynx, bronchioles, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
E) bronchi, trachea, larynx, bronchioles, alveoli

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A) When fully saturated, myoglobin carries more O₂ molecules than hemoglobin.
B) Myoglobin is found within vertebrate muscle cells.
C) Myoglobin has a greater affinity for O₂ than hemoglobin.
D) Myoglobin binds O₂ more tightly than hemoglobin.
E) None of the answer options is false.

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A) This blockage will likely decrease the resistance to flow in his circulatory system.
B) This blockage will likely increase the resistance to flow in his circulatory system, and as a result will increase the rate of blood flow.
C) This blockage will likely decrease the rate of blood flow.
D) This blockage will likely increase the rate of blood flow.
E) This blockage will likely increase the resistance to flow in his circulatory system, and as a result will decrease the rate of blood flow.

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A) venules
B) arterioles
C) veins
D) arteries
E) capillaries

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A) decreased blood pH, less than 7.2.
B) increased blood pH, greater than 7.2
C) decreased stimulation of chemoreceptors in the brainstem
D) increased stimulation of chemoreceptors in the brainstem

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A) Like oxygen, CO₂ is transported through the mammalian bloodstream via hemoglobin; however, CO₂ binds to hemoglobin at  subunits rather than heme groups.
B) Unlike oxygen, CO₂ is transported through the mammalian bloodstream by myoglobin.
C) All CO₂ is transported through the mammalian bloodstream as a dissolved gas, and is carried directly in the plasma.
D) CO₂ is mainly transported through the mammalian bloodstream in the form of bicarbonate ions or carbonic acid.
E) In the mammalian bloodstream, CO₂ is much less soluble than O₂.

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A) Lymph is rich in proteins filtered out of the bloodstream.
B) Lymph contains water filtered out of the bloodstream.
C) The lymphatic system is composed solely of the same vessels and arteries forming the circulatory system.
D) The lymphatic system is composed of its own distinct set of vessels, through which blood does not travel.

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A) the exhalation of CO₂ by a human into his or her environment
B) the transport of O₂ in the circulatory system of a frog
C) the diffusion of CO₂ out of mouse cells into a mouse's bloodstream
D) the diffusion of O₂ from the lungs of a horse into its bloodstream
E) All of these choices are correct.

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A) earthworms
B) horses
C) spiders
D) soybeans
E) frogs

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A) suction created by hemolymph moving from posterior to anterior.
B) vessels off the muscular heart that feed back into the dorsal tubular hearts.
C) muscles associated with locomotion.
D) rocking motion of the entire body by the insect every few seconds

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