Question 1

The goldenrod gall fly lays its eggs on the terminal buds of goldenrod plants. Larvae chew through the buds and into the stems, where their saliva induces the plant to generate a gall, or outgrowth of tissue that then provides food and shelter for the developing larva. The larvae are prey to both parasitoid wasps and to birds; wasps selectively prey on larvae inside the smallest galls while birds selectively prey on larvae inside the largest galls. Goldenrod gall flies are therefore subject to _____ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  balancing
B)  stabilizing
C)  directional
D)  disruptional
E)  heterozygote

Question 2

When the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are met:

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution occurs.
B)  evolution does not occur.
C)  gene frequencies in the population change over time.
D)  gene frequencies in the population do not change over time.
E)  none of these occurs when conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are met.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals must select mates nonrandomly.
B)  No selection must be taking place.
C)  Mutations are not occurring.
D)  Populations must be large.
E)  Individuals are not entering or leaving the population.

Question 4

In genetics, two organisms are part of the same population if:

Accepted Answer

A)  they are the same species.
B)  they are from different gene pools.
C)  they have the same phenotype.
D)  they are in the same geographic area.
E)  they are the same species and are in the same geographic area.

Question 5

Is natural selection the same thing as evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, they are the same because they both change populations.
B)  No, because forces other than natural selection can also cause evolution.
C)  Yes, they are the same because they both involve phenotypes and genotypes.
D)  No, they are not the same because natural selection has never been observed.

Question 6

Why is genetic variation critical for evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is required for mutations.
B)  It is the source material for natural selection.
C)  It is essential for adaptation.
D)  It is essential for genetic recombination.
E)  It is not critical for evolution.

Question 7

What conditions must be met for alleles to be found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? How much change is expected in a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equili...

Question 8

If the allele frequency for the recessive single allele that causes a particular rare hair color is 0.02, how frequently would you expect the hair color to be present in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 in every 50 individuals
B)  1 in every 2000 individuals
C)  1 in every 2500 individuals
D)  1 in every 5000 individuals

Question 9

Which of the following big sagebrush plants is the MOST fit, based only on the information presented?

Accepted Answer

A)  The individual that can survive with 10% less water than the others in its population.
B)  The individual that produces 5% more distasteful chemicals, making it 2% less likely to be attacked by herbivores than others in its population.
C)  The individual that produces 3% more offspring each year than others in its population.
D)  The individual that is the most resistant to disease organisms in the population.
E)  All of these individuals are equally fit based on the information presented.

Question 10

Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. However, they usually occur at very low frequencies. Assume a mutation resulting in a novel allele occurs in a gene in one individual in a population of 500 diploid individuals. What is the frequency of the new allele?

Accepted Answer

A)  0) 05
B)  0) 005
C)  0) 01
D)  0) 001

Question 11

Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris)  come up on a beach during breeding season. Males arrive first and establish a territory by posturing and fighting with other males. The posturing and fighting behaviors are probably the result of _____ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrasexual
B)  intersexual
C)  stabilizing
D)  directional
E)  balancing

Question 12

Which of these five evolutionary forces is rare and usually NOT considered by population geneticists?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation
B)  selection
C)  nonrandom mating
D)  genetic drift
E)  immigration

Question 13

The blood type A can be produced by what genotypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  AO
B)  AB
C)  BA
D)  OO
E)  BB

Question 14

In a population of Mendel's garden peas, the frequency of the dominant A (yellow flower)  allele is 80%. Let p represent the frequency of the A allele and q represent the frequency of the a allele. Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what are the genotype frequencies?

Accepted Answer

A)  64% AA, 32% Aa, 4% aa
B)  50% AA, 25% Aa, 25% aa
C)  16% AA, 40% Aa, 44% aa
D)  75% AA, 15% Aa, 10% aa
E)  80% AA, 10% Aa, 10% aa

Question 15

An example of a phenotypic trait that allows identification of the genetic variation coding for the phenotype is:

Accepted Answer

A)  human sprinting speed.
B)  human skin color.
C)  human blood type.
D)  human height.

Question 16

In a given population of individuals with a particular gene of interest, the allele frequencies for that gene are equal (there are only two alleles for this gene: A and a) . What are the expected genotype frequencies, assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  AA = 0.5, aa = 0.5
B)  AA = 0.25, Aa = 0.50, aa = 0.25
C)  The answer cannot be determined because the allele frequencies are not provided.

Question 17

A molecular clock is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a clock that uses atoms for accurate time keeping.
B)  an estimate of the rate of accumulation of genetic divergence between two populations or species.
C)  a tool used to identify the rate of mutation, and is the same for all genes.
D)  a tool for studying evolution that has no real-world applications.

Question 18

Why do histone genes have a very slow molecular clock?

Accepted Answer

A)  The structure of the histone gene must be conserved for DNA to function properly.
B)  Histone genes simply do not have the same rate of mutations.
C)  DNA-correcting mechanisms function more readily with histone genes.
D)  Cells have more histone genes than any other kind of gene.
E)  Histone genes normally have self-correcting mechanisms.

Question 19

Traits favored by sexual selection are the same traits favored by natural selection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What does it mean to say that an allele is "fixed" in the population?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has been repaired by typical mechanisms in the cell.
B)  It is an indication of no genetic variation at that locus in the population.
C)  It is an indication of low genetic variation at that locus in the population.
D)  It is an indication of high genetic variation at that locus in the population.
E)  It is an indication that locus cannot undergo mutation.

Exam 21: Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

If the allele frequency for the recessive single allele that causes a particular rare hair color is 0.02, how frequently would you expect the hair color to be present in humans?

Correct Answer
verified

An example of a phenotypic trait that allows identification of the genetic variation coding for the phenotype is:

Correct Answer
verified

In genetics, two organisms are part of the same population if:

Correct Answer
verified

What conditions must be met for alleles to be found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? How much change is expected in a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Correct Answer
verified
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equili...
View Answer

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What does it mean to say that an allele is "fixed" in the population?

Correct Answer
verified

A molecular clock is:

Correct Answer
verified

When the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are met:

Correct Answer
verified

The blood type A can be produced by what genotypes?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following big sagebrush plants is the MOST fit, based only on the information presented?

Correct Answer
verified

Why do histone genes have a very slow molecular clock?

Correct Answer
verified

Why is genetic variation critical for evolution?

Correct Answer
verified

Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. However, they usually occur at very low frequencies. Assume a mutation resulting in a novel allele occurs in a gene in one individual in a population of 500 diploid individuals. What is the frequency of the new allele?

Correct Answer
verified

In a given population of individuals with a particular gene of interest, the allele frequencies for that gene are equal (there are only two alleles for this gene: A and a) . What are the expected genotype frequencies, assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Correct Answer
verified

Traits favored by sexual selection are the same traits favored by natural selection.

Correct Answer
verified

Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) come up on a beach during breeding season. Males arrive first and establish a territory by posturing and fighting with other males. The posturing and fighting behaviors are probably the result of _____ selection.

Correct Answer
verified

Is natural selection the same thing as evolution?

Correct Answer
verified

In a population of Mendel's garden peas, the frequency of the dominant A (yellow flower) allele is 80%. Let p represent the frequency of the A allele and q represent the frequency of the a allele. Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what are the genotype frequencies?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these five evolutionary forces is rare and usually NOT considered by population geneticists?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 21: Evolution: How Genotypes and Phenotypes Change Over Time

If the allele frequency for the recessive single allele that causes a particular rare hair color is 0.02, how frequently would you expect the hair color to be present in humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of a phenotypic trait that allows identification of the genetic variation coding for the phenotype is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In genetics, two organisms are part of the same population if:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What conditions must be met for alleles to be found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? How much change is expected in a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Correct AnswerverifiedIn a population in Hardy-Weinberg equili...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does it mean to say that an allele is "fixed" in the population?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A molecular clock is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are met:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The blood type A can be produced by what genotypes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following big sagebrush plants is the MOST fit, based only on the information presented?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do histone genes have a very slow molecular clock?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is genetic variation critical for evolution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. However, they usually occur at very low frequencies. Assume a mutation resulting in a novel allele occurs in a gene in one individual in a population of 500 diploid individuals. What is the frequency of the new allele?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a given population of individuals with a particular gene of interest, the allele frequencies for that gene are equal (there are only two alleles for this gene: A and a) . What are the expected genotype frequencies, assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Traits favored by sexual selection are the same traits favored by natural selection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) come up on a beach during breeding season. Males arrive first and establish a territory by posturing and fighting with other males. The posturing and fighting behaviors are probably the result of _____ selection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Is natural selection the same thing as evolution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a population of Mendel's garden peas, the frequency of the dominant A (yellow flower) allele is 80%. Let p represent the frequency of the A allele and q represent the frequency of the a allele. Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what are the genotype frequencies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these five evolutionary forces is rare and usually NOT considered by population geneticists?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equili...
View Answer

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