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Exam 11: Living With Chronic Illness

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Question 1

Essay

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Identify three theoretical explanations for asthma, including some findings that are consistent and inconsistent with one of them; and some known risk factors for asthma.​

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A. Scientists do not yet understand the cause of asthma. B. Some speculate that asthma may really be multiple diseases with common symptoms but different pathologies. C. Experts believed until recently that asthma was an allergic reaction to substances in the environment. D. Newer research implicates more complex immune system reactions. 1. The diathesis-stress model views asthma as an immune system response caused by a combination of vulnerability and exposure to a substance not usually causing such a response. 2. The hygiene hypothesis views asthma as caused by an exaggerated inflammatory response of the immune system, which modern hygiene has left underprepared to cope with microbes by not allowing babies and children enough exposure to these. a. A refinement of this hypothesis includes both genetic vulnerability and early exposure to environmental substances. b. The hygiene hypothesis is supported by higher asthma rates in developed countries with hygienic environments, e.g. the USA, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand. c. The hygiene hypothesis is not supported by higher asthma risks and rates in the USA's inner-city areas, where air pollution is higher. d. African Americans are more vulnerable to asthma than other Americans. E. Other known risk factors for asthma: 1. Obesity 2. Sedentary lifestyle 3. Depression

Question 2

Multiple Choice

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What have researchers found about interventions for increasing adherence to asthma care?​

A) ​Educational interventions are more effective than behavioral ones.
B) ​Educational and behavioral interventions are comparably effective.
C) ​Educational components make behavioral interventions work best.
D) ​Educational interventions can work if they are relevant for patients.

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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​The hygiene hypothesis holds that asthma is a result of _______ that has/have become common in modern society.

______ functioning is the best predictor of quality of life in individuals who are coping with a chronic illness.​

Henry, an 86-year-old retired farmer, has a good memory and cognitive functioning. As he continues to age,​

Women now account for about ___ of all HIV cases in the United States.​

Some sexual behaviors are more likely to spread HIV infection than other behaviors. Which of the following is the highest risk?

Of the various types of AIDS, the one most frequently found in the Africa is​

Which of the following has been shown to increase a person's susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease?

​Interventions aimed at teaching diabetes patients to manage their _______ can also help improve their management of blood sugar levels.

The concept of the "good death"​

Injection drug use

Which of the following is NOT a risk for Alzheimer's disease?

Insulin is

Feelings of loss that Alzheimer's caregivers experience often begin​

Anna has had diabetes for over 30 years, is of a healthy weight, and manages her diabetes by regular insulin injections. Anna most likely has

What have researchers found in offering dignity therapy to terminally ill patients?​

All of the following were characterized as responses to bereavement EXCEPT

​Hal, who has Alzheimer's disease, becomes distressed when he cannot follow the plot of a movie that he and his family are watching on TV, repeatedly asking them, "What's going on?!" He is most likely in

With regard to the perception of glucose levels, most diabetics​