Question 1

Discuss the evidence from the skeletons and teeth of early agriculturalists. Then describe the negative consequences of a shift from food foraging to the domestication of food in terms of pathologic evidence.

Accepted Answer

Pathologies in the skeletons and teeth o...

Question 2

The last 10,000 years is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)   Cenozoic.
B)   Quaternary.
C)   Solutren.
D)   Holocene.

Question 3

Bone comparisons from hunter-gatherers to later agriculturalists to modern peoples show:

Accepted Answer

A)   an increase in size.
B)   greater robusticity of the long arm bones only.
C)   a decline in size.
D)   a stasis in bone density.

Question 4

Tooth size and jaw size have reduced in the last:

Accepted Answer

A)   17,000 yBP.
B)   10,000 yBP.
C)   6,000 yBP.
D)   3,000 yBP.

Question 5

Domestication produced more food per unit area of land than had hunting and gathering, meaning:

Accepted Answer

A)   more people were needed to produce more food.
B)   more people could be fed from the same amount of land.
C)   more storage was necessary for the extra food provided by domestication.
D)   fewer people were available for labor.

Question 6

During your lab you are asked to identify the pathological feature of spongy bone invading the eye socket that occurs in the interior upper surface of the eye sockets and to diagnose the condition as:

Accepted Answer

A)   porotic hyperostosis, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia.
B)   periosteal reaction, resulting from changes in diet.
C)   ameloblasts, resulting from changes in diet and parasitic infection.
D)   cribra orbitalia, resulting from iron-deficiency anemia or parasitic infection.

Question 7

Domestication of plants and animals led to stable food supplies during the Holocene; however, it also resulted in significant environmental and health problems. Discuss these problems in terms of natural selection.

Accepted Answer

The explosive human population growth as...

Question 8

New World domesticated products include:

Accepted Answer

A)   wheat.
B)   rice.
C)   cotton.
D)   pigs.

Question 9

Based on the archaeological record from various areas, what was the initial effect of agriculture on height?

Accepted Answer

A)   Height decreased.
B)   Height increased.
C)   Height became more variable within the population.
D)   Height stayed the same.

Question 10

The archaeological record suggests that farming began in southeastern Turkey by:

Accepted Answer

A)   6,000 yBP.
B)   4,000 yBP.
C)   1,500 yBP.
D)   10,500 yBP.

Question 11

By the close of the Pleistocene the human population numbered:

Accepted Answer

A)   several thousand.
B)   7 billion.
C)   several million.
D)   1 billion.

Question 12

What effect did the advent of agriculture have on the level of interpersonal violence seen in the archaeological record?

Accepted Answer

A)   Violence increased.
B)   Violence decreased.
C)   Violence stayed about the same.
D)   Intercultural violence increased.

Question 13

An oval cross section of an adult femur suggests:

Accepted Answer

A)   that the individual was likely very physically active.
B)   that the individual was lethargic and largely sedentary.
C)   that the individual had a nutritional deficiency as a child.
D)   You cannot discern anything from the shape of a bone.

Question 14

Extreme anemia can lead to:

Accepted Answer

A)   cancer.
B)   porotic hyperostosis.
C)   heart disease.
D)   measles.

Question 15

What form of subsistence pattern is found in the Neolithic period? Name three geographic regions where Neolithic lifeways appeared independently.

Accepted Answer

The Neolithic, while technically defined...

Question 16

One of the most important adaptive transitions in hominin evolution is:

Accepted Answer

A)   the shift from foraging to farming.
B)   having color depth perception.
C)   a larger brain.
D)   a change in the arm-to-leg ratio.

Question 17

In the American Midwest native seed crops goosefoot, sumpweed, and sunflowers were farmed about:

Accepted Answer

A)   11,500 yBP.
B)   8,000 yBP.
C)   6,000-1,000 yBP.
D)   10,500 yBP.

Question 18

Parasitic infections are a primary cause of __________in many regions of the globe.

Accepted Answer

A)   iron-deficiency anemia
B)   Staphylococcus aureus
C)   treponematoses
D)   endemic disease

Question 19

The masticatory-functional hypothesis:

Accepted Answer

A)   states that over time there was a clear reduction in the size of the face and jaws.
B)   states that tooth and jaw size have decreased over time.
C)   states that change in skull form represents a response to decreased demands on the chewing muscles.
D)   states that tooth and jaw size increased over time.

Question 20

A symptom of anemia where spongy bone invades the eye sockets is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperosteitis.
B)   trabeculitis.
C)   orbital arthritis.
D)   cribra orbitalia.

Exam 13: Our Last 10,000 Years: Agriculture, Population, and the Bioarchaeology of a Fundamental Transition

Bone comparisons from hunter-gatherers to later agriculturalists to modern peoples show:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Domestication produced more food per unit area of land than had hunting and gathering, meaning:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What form of subsistence pattern is found in the Neolithic period? Name three geographic regions where Neolithic lifeways appeared independently.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe Neolithic, while technically defined...View AnswerShow Answer

The masticatory-functional hypothesis:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the American Midwest native seed crops goosefoot, sumpweed, and sunflowers were farmed about:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tooth size and jaw size have reduced in the last:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During your lab you are asked to identify the pathological feature of spongy bone invading the eye socket that occurs in the interior upper surface of the eye sockets and to diagnose the condition as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extreme anemia can lead to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parasitic infections are a primary cause of __________in many regions of the globe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the most important adaptive transitions in hominin evolution is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By the close of the Pleistocene the human population numbered:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What effect did the advent of agriculture have on the level of interpersonal violence seen in the archaeological record?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the archaeological record from various areas, what was the initial effect of agriculture on height?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The archaeological record suggests that farming began in southeastern Turkey by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The last 10,000 years is called the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the evidence from the skeletons and teeth of early agriculturalists. Then describe the negative consequences of a shift from food foraging to the domestication of food in terms of pathologic evidence.

Correct AnswerverifiedPathologies in the skeletons and teeth o...View AnswerShow Answer

An oval cross section of an adult femur suggests:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Domestication of plants and animals led to stable food supplies during the Holocene; however, it also resulted in significant environmental and health problems. Discuss these problems in terms of natural selection.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe explosive human population growth as...View AnswerShow Answer

A symptom of anemia where spongy bone invades the eye sockets is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

New World domesticated products include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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The Neolithic, while technically defined...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Pathologies in the skeletons and teeth o...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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The explosive human population growth as...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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