In the labor market, the income and substitution effects work in the same direction.

Income Effects

Changes in consumers' purchasing patterns resulting from a change in their income, influencing how they allocate their spending across different goods and services.

Substitution Effects

The change in the consumption pattern of goods due to a change in their relative price, leading consumers to substitute one good for another.

Labor Market

The input/factor market in which households supply work for wages to firms that demand labor.