Which assessment findings lead the nurse to conclude that the patient has had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for many years?

A) The patient's nails have a clubbed shape.
B) The patient has splinter hemorrhages under the nails.
C) The patient's chest appears rounded and bulging.
D) The patient is short of breath with minimal activity.
E) The patient has soft,spongy gums that bleed easily.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A long-term lung disease characterized by obstructed airflow from the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties.

Clubbed Shape

A term describing the bulbous enlargement of the ends of fingers or toes, often indicative of chronic oxygen deficiency or various diseases.

Rounded Chest

A physical condition, often congenital, where the chest appears more circular or barrel-shaped than usual.