Which of the following has the highest ecological validity?

A) experiment
B) introspection
C) naturalistic observation
D) clinical interview

Ecological Validity

A property of research such that the focus of study is something that occurs naturally outside an experimental laboratory.

Naturalistic Observation

A research paradigm in which an observer observes participants in familiar everyday contexts while ideally remaining as unobtrusive as possible.

Experiment

A test of a scientific theory in which the researcher manipulates the independent variable.